由于 Containerd 不支持 Docker API, 常见的 docker build、docker push 等命令在 Containerd 环境下无法使用。因此, 需要一种不依赖于 Docker, 针对 OCI 标准的镜像构建和推送工具。
3.1 Podman 简介
Podman 是一个实现 OCI 标准的容器和镜像管理工具, 同时也是 Daemonless, 不需要守护进程, 也支持非特权用户使用。Podman 提供了类似 Docker CLI 的功能, 大部分情况下可以执行 alias docker=podman 使用 Podman 替换 Docker , 而不会有任何问题。
3.2 Podman 安装
- 安装 Podman 命令行工具
安装方法可以参考 Podman 的安装指引[3]。这里以 CentOS 7 为例:
- curl -L -o /etc/yum.repos.d/devel:kubic:libcontainers:stable.repo https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:kubic:libcontainers:stable/CentOS_7/devel:kubic:libcontainers:stable.repo
- yum -y install podman
- 查看 Podman 版本
- podman –version
- podman version 3.0.1
- 查看命令参数
这里为了方便查阅, 贴出完整的帮助文档。
- podman –help
- manage pods and images
- Usage:
- podman [flags]
- podman [command]
- Available Commands:
- attach Attach to a running container
- build Build an image using instructions from Containerfiles
- commit Create new image based on the changed container
- container Manage Containers
- cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
- create Create but do not start a container
- diff Inspect changes on container's file systems
- events Show podman events
- exec Run a process in a running container
- export Export container's filesystem contents as a tar archive
- generate Generated structured data
- healthcheck Manage Healthcheck
- help Help about any command
- history Show history of a specified image
- image Manage images
- images List images in local storage
- import Import a tarball to create a filesystem image
- info Display podman system information
- init Initialize one or more containers
- inspect Display the configuration of a container or image
- kill Kill one or more running containers with a specific signal
- load Load an image from container archive
- login Login to a container registry
- logout Logout of a container registry
- logs Fetch the logs of a container
- mount Mount a working container's root filesystem
- network Manage Networks
- pause Pause all the processes in one or more containers
- play Play a pod
- pod Manage pods
- port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
- ps List containers
- pull Pull an image from a registry
- push Push an image to a specified destination
- restart Restart one or more containers
- rm Remove one or more containers
- rmi Removes one or more images from local storage
- run Run a command in a new container
- save Save image to an archive
- search Search registry for image
- start Start one or more containers
- stats Display a live stream of container resource usage statistics
- stop Stop one or more containers
- system Manage podman
- tag Add an additional name to a local image
- top Display the running processes of a container
- umount Unmounts working container's root filesystem
- unpause Unpause the processes in one or more containers
- unshare Run a command in a modified user namespace
- varlink Run varlink interface
- version Display the Podman Version Information
- volume Manage volumes
- wait Block on one or more containers
- Flags:
- –cgroup-manager string Cgroup manager to use (cgroupfs or systemd) (default "systemd")
- –cni-config-dir string Path of the configuration directory for CNI networks
- –config string Path of a libpod config file detailing container server configuration options
- –conmon string Path of the conmon binary
- –cpu-profile string Path for the cpu profiling results
- –events-backend string Events backend to use
- –help Help for podman
- –hooks-dir strings Set the OCI hooks directory path (may be set multiple times)
- –log-level string Log messages above specified level: debug, info, warn, error, fatal or panic (default "error")
- –namespace string Set the libpod namespace, used to create separate views of the containers and pods on the system
- –network-cmd-path string Path to the command for configuring the network
- –root string Path to the root directory in which data, including images, is stored
- –runroot string Path to the 'run directory' where all state information is stored
- –runtime string Path to the OCI-compatible binary used to run containers, default is /usr/bin/runc
- –storage-driver string Select which storage driver is used to manage storage of images and containers (default is overlay)
- –storage-opt stringArray Used to pass an option to the storage driver
- –syslog Output logging information to syslog as well as the console
- –tmpdir string Path to the tmp directory
- –trace Enable opentracing output
- -v, –version Version of podman
- Use "podman [command] –help" for more information about a command.
Podman 在覆盖 Docker 命令的同时,增加了对 Pod 操作的支持。
3.3 主机上测试编译并推送镜像
在使用上可以直接将 docker 命令替换为 podman 即可。
- 编译镜像
- echo -e 'FROM busybox\nRUN echo "hello world"' | podman build -t docker.io/shaowenchen/myimage:latest –
- STEP 1: FROM busybox
- Getting image source signatures
- Copying blob 5c4213be9af9 done
- Copying config 491198851f done
- Writing manifest to image destination
- Storing signatures
- STEP 2: RUN echo "hello world"
- hello world
- STEP 3: COMMIT
- 4c8794086d9de80f71d182457b6d2cb18b9d61975b98bcd4cb167bdcabae5b2c
- 4c8794086d9de80f71d182457b6d2cb18b9d61975b98bcd4cb167bdcabae5b2c
- 查看编译的镜像